Hormonal tests when planning IVF (20-23 days of the cycle)

Female sex hormones

A woman's hormonal system is quite complex. Violation of one of its sections negatively affects the functioning of the entire body. The endocrine glands allow chemicals to enter the blood.

The functioning of the reproductive system is affected by the level of estrogen and progesterone. Female reproductive function directly depends on the level of hormones during menstruation.

Estrogen is the main hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the monthly cycle. As for progesterone, it is considered a male hormone and is produced after the egg leaves the follicle.

Women also secrete hormones such as testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin.

Blood tests for hormones during menstruation

In order to check the state of the follicular phase of the cycle, it is recommended to donate blood for hormones during menstruation.

What tests are needed

In case of menstrual irregularities, as well as infertility, the gynecologist refers patients for blood tests for hormones:

• sexual – estradiol, testosterone;
• pituitary gland - follicle-stimulating, luteinizing and prolactin.

They are the main regulators of the first phase of the cycle. Since estrogen levels and activity can be influenced by the adrenal glands, your doctor may recommend a more in-depth study. In this case, the test kit is supplemented with corticotropin, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone.

When to check your thyroid hormones

The concentration of thyroxine and pituitary thyrotropin in the blood reflects the function of the thyroid gland. Her medical conditions may affect her estrogen levels. Most often, when thyroid hormones increase (hyperthyroidism), estradiol also increases. Therefore, gynecologists often recommend undergoing a comprehensive diagnosis of all indicators in order to determine the cause of hormonal disorders.

You can donate blood for thyroid hormones during your period. But it must be taken into account that their concentration does not change across the phases of the cycle. Therefore, theoretically, any day is suitable for this.

Hormone levels during the menstrual cycle

During menstruation, hormonal levels change. It fluctuates throughout the monthly cycle:

• Day 1 – the amount of progesterone and estrogen decreases significantly. This is due to the onset of endometrial rejection by the uterus. The onset of menstruation inhibits the production of progesterone. But the concentration of prostaglandins from the first day of the cycle, on the contrary, increases. You feel severe cramps, nausea, dizziness and other unpleasant symptoms;
• 2nd – the level of discomfort becomes less noticeable. During this period, many women experience painful spasms;
• 3rd – the risk of vaginal infection increases. To reduce it, it is recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse and observe personal hygiene rules;
• 4th–6th – discomfort completely disappears. The body, weakened by blood loss, needs vitamin C and iron. The end of menstruation leads to an acceleration of metabolism;
• 7th - at the stage of follicular gestation, the egg produces a large amount of estrogen. Also during this period, the amount of testosterone increases, which stimulates memory and stress resistance;
• 8th – the amount of estrogen in the blood increases significantly;
• 9–11th – the chance of successful fertilization of the egg increases;
• 12th – the maximum amount of estrogen is concentrated in the blood. This leads to increased excitability of female erogenous zones and the desire to have sex;
• 13th, 14th – the middle of the monthly cycle. Estrogen actively interacts with the luteinizing substance. The growth of the follicle stops. In some women, the onset of ovulation is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. This is due to the release of an egg from the ovary;
• 15th – the luteal phase of the monthly cycle begins; The burst follicle in the ovary is replaced by the corpus luteum, the cells of which contribute to the production of progesterone, the pregnancy hormone. It will be produced regardless of whether the egg has been fertilized;
• 16th – the level of female hormones increases, which stimulates the uterus. During this period, appetite increases significantly;
• 17th – progesterone concentration increases. This negatively affects intestinal motility. Smooth muscle tone decreases, resulting in bloating;
• 18th, 19th – the process of metabolism and fat breakdown slows down. An increase in cholesterol in the blood negatively affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system;
• 20th – the egg is actively moving towards the uterus. The maximum concentration of progesterone is observed. The chances of getting pregnant during this period are minimal;
• 21st, 22nd - the level of estradiol drops due to the development of the corpus luteum in the ovary. Active production of estrogen and progesterone occurs;
• 23–25th – the concentration of estrogen is higher than progesterone. This provokes an imbalance, resulting in a risk of constipation;
• 26–28 – women experience premenstrual syndrome PMS.

What hormones are produced during menstruation?

In any phase of the menstrual cycle, all hormones are produced in the body - during menstruation, at its end, during pregnancy and menopause. But their level varies depending on the period. Monthly cyclical fluctuations during childbearing years promote bleeding, ovulation and the preparation of the uterus for the possible bearing of a child.

The pituitary gland controls these processes, and the direct “executors” of its commands are the ovaries, which produce estrogens and progesterone. Not only the frequency and nature of the discharge itself, but also the general condition of women, her mood and emotions depend on the state of the hormonal background.

We recommend reading the article about hormonal imbalance and menstruation. From it you will learn about changes in hormone levels during, before and after menstruation, how hormonal imbalance affects menstruation, how to induce menstruation if it does not occur due to hormonal imbalance, and also whether it is dangerous to provoke a delay in postponing menstruation.

Read more about hormones during pregnancy here.

What happens to pituitary hormones?

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces two hormones that regulate sexual functions, including the cyclical changes in the uterus. Their peak values ​​occur at the time of ovulation - the release of the egg from the follicle. The rest of the time they circulate in the blood in moderate quantities. Their task is to maintain normal ovarian function, ensuring the maturation of the follicle first, and then in its place - the corpus luteum.

In the first days of the cycle, when bleeding itself occurs, the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone begins to gradually increase. Just before ovulation it decreases slightly. The level of luteinizing hormone both before and throughout menstruation is consistently low. There are practically no changes in prolactin content in the first and second phases.

Which predominates - estrogens or progesterone?

After the second phase of the cycle, when there was a lot of estrogen and progesterone in the body, they drop sharply. It is this decrease in level that leads to exfoliation of the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium. This process can be painful, and is also accompanied by changes in the functioning of the digestive system (bloating, constipation), a violation of the water-salt balance (swelling, headache). Just before menstruation, there is an increase in the mammary glands.

In the first days of bleeding, the follicle in the ovary begins to mature. This process occurs due to a gradual increase in the level of follitropin and estrogens, mainly estradiol. Under their influence, at the end of menstruation, endometrial cell division begins - proliferation to restore the inner layer. Therefore, in the entire first half of the cycle, hormones from the estrogen group predominate, and progesterone has the lowest levels.

How mood and emotions change

What happens to hormones affects the general condition of women, and especially the psychological state. Due to a decrease in the concentration of female steroids (estradiol, estrone, estriol), progesterone in the blood just before menstruation, women feel weak, irritable and depressed. The brain cells experience a kind of withdrawal syndrome.

After there were a lot of hormones in the second phase of the cycle, they are quite abruptly deprived of their usual stimulation.

This causes mood swings, women begin to see everything in “black color”. With a tendency to mental disorders, changes in the level of sex steroids can even provoke menstrual psychoses, characterized by agitation and extreme aggressiveness.

These trends continue until estrogen levels begin to increase. The most difficult emotionally are the first 3 days of the cycle and the last 2. Estradiol in women plays the role of an antidepressant. It increases the content of serotonin (the hormone of joy) in the blood and the sensitivity of the brain to internal opiates - endorphins (hormones of pleasure).

Functions of hormones in the female body

The meaning of each hormone is unique.

Estrogen

Takes an active part in the formation and compaction of the endometrium in the uterus. It also helps to strengthen the pelvic bones.

Its formation is associated with physiological changes in the female body. The peak of their increase occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle. A day before ovulation, there is a sharp increase in this hormone. This also happens during pregnancy.

When the endometrium grows in the uterus, this does not lead to a decrease in estrogen. It prepares the pregnant woman’s breasts for future feeding of the child and affects the ducts of the mammary glands, expanding them.

Progesterone

A significant increase in progesterone levels occurs on the 17th day of the monthly cycle. It prepares the body for a possible pregnancy. At the follicular stage, the level of this hormone decreases significantly.

Its high concentration in a non-pregnant woman indicates the presence of neoplasms in the adrenal glands and appendages. A reduced rate indicates the presence of inflammation of the reproductive system.

FSH levels increase significantly during ovulation. Exceeding the norm of this substance occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle. At the beginning of ovulation, the follicle matures, resulting in favorable conditions for fertilization of the egg.

The amount of follicle-stimulating substances in the body may increase in the presence of oncological dysfunction of the pituitary gland.

FSH is the most unstable hormone in the female body. In the follicular phase, it can change its value several times a day.

Luteinizing substances affect the monthly cycle, forming sex hormones in the female body. Young girls have low LH levels. During puberty, there is an increase in it.

Throughout the entire monthly cycle, changes in LH concentration occur. The peak of its rise occurs approximately on the 15th day. During pregnancy, the level of luteinizing substances decreases significantly.

During ovulation, the amount of LH increases. This is due to the maturation of the egg. These substances affect the functioning of the appendages. Under the influence of the pituitary gland, the concentration of luteinizing substances can increase several times.

Source of the article: https://topginekolog.ru/menstruation/o-mesyachnyh/chto-proishodit-s-gormonami

Pregnant Irun

In general, read this: 1. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

“For rent” on days 3-8 or 19-21 of a woman’s menstrual cycle, for a man - on any day. Strictly on an empty stomach. In women, FSH stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries and the formation of estrogen. The endometrium grows in the uterus. Reaching a critical level of FSH in the middle of the cycle leads to ovulation.

In men, FSH is the main stimulator of the growth of the seminiferous tubules. FSH increases the concentration of testosterone in the blood, thereby ensuring the process of sperm maturation and male strength. It happens that the hormone works at full strength, but there is no point where it is in demand. This happens when a man's testicles are small or have suffered from some kind of surgery or infection.

2. LH (luteinizing hormone)

Rented on days 3-8 or 19-21 of a woman’s menstrual cycle, for a man - on any day. Strictly on an empty stomach. This hormone “ripens” the follicle in a woman, ensuring the secretion of estrogen, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum. In men, by stimulating the formation of sex hormone binding globulin, it increases the permeability of the seminiferous tubules to testosterone. This increases the concentration of testosterone in the blood, which promotes sperm maturation.

The release of luteinizing hormone is pulsating in nature and depends in women on the phase of the menstrual cycle. In a woman’s cycle, the peak concentration of LH occurs at ovulation, after which the level of the hormone drops and “stays” throughout the luteal phase at lower values ​​than in the follicular phase. This is necessary for the functioning of the corpus luteum in the ovary. In women, the concentration of LH in the blood is maximum in the period from 12 to 24 hours before ovulation and is maintained throughout the day, reaching a concentration 10 times higher compared to the non-ovulatory period. During pregnancy, LH concentration decreases.

During the examination for infertility, it is important to track the ratio of LH and FSH. Normally, before the onset of menstruation it is 1, a year after the onset of menstruation - from 1 to 1.5, in the period from two years after the onset of menstruation and before menopause - from 1.5 to 2.

3. Prolactin

To determine the level of this hormone, it is important to do an analysis in phases 1 and 2 of the menstrual cycle strictly on an empty stomach and only in the morning. Immediately before drawing blood, the patient should be at rest for about 30 minutes.

Prolactin is involved in ovulation and stimulates lactation after childbirth. Therefore, it can suppress the formation of FSH for “peaceful purposes” during pregnancy and for non-peaceful purposes in its absence. With increased or decreased levels of prolactin in the blood, the follicle may not develop, as a result of which the woman will not ovulate. The daily production of this hormone has a pulsating nature. During sleep, its level increases. After waking up, the concentration of prolactin decreases sharply, reaching a minimum in the late morning hours. After noon, the hormone level increases. During the menstrual cycle, prolactin levels are higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase.

4. Estradiol

Blood is tested for this hormone throughout the entire menstrual cycle. Estradiol is secreted by the maturing follicle, corpus luteum of the ovary, adrenal glands and even adipose tissue under the influence of FSH, LH and prolactin. In women, estradiol ensures the formation and regulation of menstrual function and the development of the egg. A woman ovulates 24-36 hours after a significant peak in estradiol. After ovulation, the hormone level decreases, and a second, smaller amplitude, rise occurs. Then there is a decline in the concentration of the hormone, which continues until the end of the luteal phase.

A necessary condition for the functioning of the hormone estradiol is its correct relationship to testosterone levels.

5. Progesterone

It is important to check this hormone on days 19-21 of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone is a hormone produced by the corpus luteum and placenta (during pregnancy). It prepares the endometrium of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg, and after its implantation it helps maintain pregnancy.

6. Testosterone

This hormone can be tested in both men and women any day. Testosterone is needed by both spouses, but is a male sex hormone. In the female body, testosterone is secreted by the ovaries and adrenal glands. Exceeding the normal concentration of testosterone in a woman can cause irregular ovulation and early miscarriage, and the maximum concentration of testosterone is determined in the luteal phase and during ovulation. A decrease in the concentration of testosterone in a man causes, ... that's right, a lack of male strength and a decrease in sperm quality.

7. DEA sulfate

This hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex. This hormone can be tested in both men and women any day. It is also needed by the body of both spouses, but in different proportions, because it is also a male sex hormone.

THYROID HORMONES influence, among other things, the formation of germ cells in both spouses and the course of pregnancy.

8. Free T3 (free triiodothyronine)

T3 is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). It is a precursor to the more active hormone T4, but has its own, although less pronounced, effect than T4. Blood for analysis is taken on an empty stomach. Immediately before drawing blood, the patient should be at rest for about 30 minutes.

9. T4 (total thyroxine)

The concentration of T4 in the blood is higher than the concentration of T3. This hormone, by increasing the basal metabolic rate, increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all tissues of the body, with the exception of the tissues of the brain, spleen and testicles. Levels of the hormone in men and women normally remain relatively constant throughout life. However, in some areas, and Moscow is almost in first place, a decrease in the activity of the thyroid gland is often observed, which can lead to serious deviations in one’s own health and the health of the unborn child.

10. TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

The level of this hormone must be checked on an empty stomach to rule out thyroid dysfunction.

11. Antibodies to TSH

Determination of antibodies to TSH makes it possible to predict dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Available on any day of the menstrual cycle.

Determining the level of the above hormones is a very important step in the process of screening for infertility. Hormone levels help determine the exact day of ovulation and determine the most optimal days for conception, eliminating problems.

How do they affect the body?

1. Production begins in the embryonic stage, when the fetus develops according to the female type.
2. The first increase in secretion levels occurs at the age of 12 years, with the onset of menstruation.
3. Steroids control processes in the uterus (growth and rejection of the mucous membrane), and also create a favorable environment for the life and movement of sperm.
4. The amount of hormones increases during pregnancy. At this time, they are produced by both the ovaries and the placenta.
5. Hormones increase blood clotting, which prevents heavy blood loss during menstruation.
6. Thanks to hormones, women are less at risk of heart attack and stroke.

Estradiol

Strongest. It is he who makes a woman a woman, and her beauty and ability to conceive depend on him.

• sexual development;
• creating an acidic environment in the vagina;
• increase in the size of the uterus;
• figure formation (change in the shape of the pelvis, breast growth);
• the appearance of regular menstruation;
• normalization of water-salt balance;
• normal bone growth;
• stabilization of the cardiovascular system;
• support of sexual desire;
• regulation of cholesterol levels and normal metabolism.

Estriol

It is considered a minor female hormone. Comes to the fore during pregnancy.

1. Ensures the growth of the uterus after conception.
2. Improves blood circulation in the vessels of the placenta.
3. Regulates energy metabolism and biochemical processes in the uterus.
4. Prepares the mammary glands for milk production.

After the birth of a child, the amount of secretion decreases.

Estrone

The main hormone of menopause. While the level of other estrogens decreases, the amount of estrone increases. It is synthesized not only by the ovaries, but also by adipose tissue, so excess weight is undesirable: estrone can provoke the development of malignant neoplasms in the breast and uterus.

Impact on menstruation

They participate in many processes, but primarily provide the possibility of childbirth. They perform different roles during the menstrual cycle, which in turn is divided into three phases:

• follicular (estrogenic);
• ovulation;
• luteal (activity of the corpus luteum; progesterone).

Before

When the level reaches a threshold value (two weeks after the start of the cycle), the pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which is responsible for the possibility of conception.
LH causes the follicle to burst and release a mature egg. Ovulation occurs. Afterwards the luteal phase (corpus luteum) begins. Progesterone takes over, and estrogen is minimal. The principle of operation of oral contraceptives is based on the regulation of these mechanisms.

By lowering the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), they prevent the possibility of LH production, thus eliminating ovulation. And without ovulation there will be no conception.

During

The follicular phase begins on the first day of the cycle. The pituitary gland begins to secrete FSH, which gives a signal for the development of a follicle in the ovary. At the same time, the endometrium of the uterus is rejected.

The growing follicle releases estrogens. With the onset of menstruation, the amount of secretion is minimal, but increases as the follicle grows. The amount of progesterone at this time is also reduced.

After

Estrogens stimulate the healing and restoration of the endometrium, as well as its subsequent thickening. The maturing follicle continues to secrete them.

Hormones throughout the cycle

Hormone levels and menstruation have a direct connection. The main ones are follicle-stimulating and luteinizing. Both are produced by the pituitary gland and cause the ovaries to produce other substances - estrogen and progesterone. The latter push the uterus and mammary glands to prepare for possible fertilization and subsequent development of the embryo. The menstrual cycle is divided into three stages:

• Follicular, which exists before the release of the egg;
• Ovulatory, characterized by its maturation;
• Luteal, occurring after the release of the egg.

Follicular stage

Calculated from the first day of menstruation. It is during this period of time that the uterine cavity is liberated from the upper layer of the endometrium and the dominant follicle is isolated. At the beginning of the stage, the uterine lining is full of blood vessels and nutrients intended for the embryo. Female hormones during menstruation at this stage determine the growth of the endometrium, thickening and release. At this point, estrogen and progesterone are reduced to lower values, due to which its upper layer is rejected.

At the same time, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone rises. With full health, its quantity and the size of the cavity in which the egg then matures increase throughout the entire initial phase of the cycle. Both the size of FSH and the follicle acquire the greatest significance two weeks after the first day of menstruation. The latter produces a large amount of estrogen, which stimulates the development of cells of the new endometrial layer. The follicular stage is the longest in the cycle. It becomes shorter as a woman approaches menopause.

Despite the increased size of the follicle, it does not yet emerge from the ovary. For this to happen, luteinizing hormone must enter the process.

Ovulatory stage

The maturation of the egg is accompanied by an increased level of LH. It is he who adjusts the divergence of the follicle shell and its exit. Ovulation takes from 16 to 32 hours and ends with the release of the egg. Even after this, for 12-24 hours, the amount of LH is as high as ever. It makes fertilization more likely in the presence of sperm. A similar effect of hormones on menstruation ensures childbearing.

Luteal stage

Its countdown begins after ovulation, the stage lasts approximately 14 days. The final one is the last one before the next menstruation. At the beginning of the luteal period, the ruptured follicle closes, thus forming the corpus luteum, that is, a set of cells that produce progesterone. The task of these hormones during menstruation is to prepare the uterus for the possible attachment of a fertilized egg to its wall. It is this that causes the endometrium to grow and accumulate nutrients. Thanks to it, the basal temperature rises if conception has occurred. Progesterone, as well as estrogen, prepare the breasts for future feeding of the baby, expanding the ducts of the mammary glands. Because of this, before menstruation it becomes more sensitive to the point of pain.

In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum disappears 13-14 days after ovulation. That is, hormones decrease quantitatively before menstruation. This is how the body approaches another menstrual cycle, saving resources, preparing for a new probable attempt to fertilize an egg.

If conception occurs, another hormone comes into play - human chorionic gonadotropin. This is an undoubted criterion for pregnancy, since only the fetal membrane is capable of producing it.

The only group of active substances that increases quantitatively before menstruation is androgens. It is easy to understand which hormone increases before menstruation by a particularly good appetite during this period and the appearance of acne on the skin.

Problems with shortages

A lack of sex steroids is called hypoestrogenism.
It can appear already in adolescence, when menstruation is delayed until the age of 16 (the norm is from 11-12), or does not come at all. As menarche is delayed, sexual maturation is also delayed. For women of reproductive age, the following signs may be an alarm:

1. Frequent colpitis and vaginitis, difficult to treat.
2. Rare (once every 2-3 months) and scanty periods.
3. Severe PMS.
4. Vaginal dryness.
5. Peeling and dry skin.
6. Depression, insomnia, aggressiveness.
7. Decreased performance.
8. Changes in blood pressure, hot flashes, heart pain.
9. Decreased libido.

1. Osteoporosis. Dangerous due to increased bone fragility. It is aggravated by a violation of the vestibular system, which leads to loss of balance and falling.
2. Heart attacks and strokes. The blood vessels are no longer protected by hormones.
3. Vaginitis, cystitis and urethritis.
4. Infertility.

Phases of the menstrual cycle and uterine cycle

The menstrual cycle is a systematic cyclical change in the body of a woman of reproductive age, providing the possibility of conception. The menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation. The duration of the cycle is from 28 to 35 days, depending on the physiological characteristics.

All changes and processes of the monthly cycle are regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland system, which provides communication between the endocrine system and the nervous system. Thanks to this interaction, the production of sex hormones is regulated and the normal course of the menstrual cycle is ensured.

The menstrual cycle is divided into the ovarian and uterine cycles, each of which has its own phases. Ovarian refers to functional and morphological changes in the ovaries; it includes the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases.

Consequences of excess

Excess leads to hyperestrogenism.

Usually the body copes on its own, but there are signs that require the attention of a doctor:

• unreasonable frequent mood swings;
• excessively painful menstruation;
• bleeding in the middle of the cycle;
• excess weight;
• migraine;
• pain in the lower abdomen outside of menstruation.

Almost always, excess affects menstruation. Blood loss increases, menstruation lasts longer. Added chest pain. PMS becomes more unpleasant.

Efficiency and libido decrease, and well-being worsens. Hair, skin and nails suffer. Elevated levels often lead to tumors, mastopathy and blood clots.

Source of the article: https://mirmamy.net/gormony/estrogen/mesyachnye.html

Hormones rise or fall before menstruation

The PMS Solution: 3 Steps to Hormonal Resilience

This is the article that many of you have been waiting for. What on earth can you do to relieve premenstrual irritability, breast pain, acne, headaches and other symptoms? Let me start by saying that for most of you, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be a thing of the past. I'm talking seriously. PMS responds well to natural treatment and responds quickly. After using this treatment, patients say: “I was surprised when I just started my period. I didn’t even feel them coming.” - No irritability. No headaches. No food cravings. It is quite possible. Doesn't this surprise you? Most women report some physical or emotional changes in the second half of their cycle. About twenty percent of women experience symptoms severe enough to seek medical help. It is not surprising that PMS is characterized as something inevitable and familiar to all women. And yet I tell you that it doesn't have to be this way. I stand by this opinion. PMS is common, but it is not inevitable. In fact, PMS is curable. That's why I dedicated an entire post to solving the problem of PMS.

Controversial Diagnosis

PMS was first described in the early 1980s and has been the subject of controversy ever since. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the term PMS can be used inappropriately. Too often it is used to trivialize all female emotions. And this is a problem. As a woman (and human), you have a right to emotions. Your emotions should not be dismissed by your partner or family member as simply “hormonal.” - In fact, I consider this word itself incorrect when it is used to describe a woman’s condition. It's just crazy to me that the word hormones has become an insult. This means that female hormones themselves have a negative effect on mood, which, as we will learn later in this article, is simply not true.

PMS symptoms

Despite all the contradictions, I am convinced that PMS is real. The most common emotional symptoms are irritability, anxiety, depression and tearfulness. The most commonly reported physical symptoms are sleep disturbance, fluid retention, bloating, palpitations, joint pain, headaches, brain fog, food cravings, chest pain and acne.

If symptoms occur within ten days before your period and then disappear during or shortly after bleeding, then the condition is considered PMS.

Premenstrual worsening of symptoms

If you're experiencing a temporary worsening of symptoms you already normally experience (such as headaches, digestive problems, acne, and sugar cravings), then it's not PMS. This is a premenstrual worsening of symptoms. Here, treating the underlying condition will be most effective. This way, it will not be exacerbated by the natural transition to inflammation that occurs at the end of the luteal phase. You may also benefit from some of the strategies discussed in this article.

What causes PMS?

Your hormones themselves are not to blame for PMS. Neither estrogen nor progesterone have inherent negative effects on mood or anything else. On the contrary, hormones are useful. Estrogen and progesterone are powerful mood and metabolism boosters. For example, when estrogen rises in the follicular phase, you will feel great because estrogen increases serotonin levels, increases muscle strength, and creates better insulin sensitivity. To some extent this is wonderful. But if estrogen rises above normal, then your health will be far from good.

FSH and the ovulatory phase

The hormone that stimulates the growth of follicles is present in the body of both men, girls and women, and of different age categories. Its function is not only to stimulate growth, but also to control the maturation of follicles and sperm. With the beginning of the cycle (menstrual) in the body of women who have not reached menopause, the follicular phase begins. It is during this time period that the production of FSH begins, which acts as a stimulator that has a positive effect on the growth of the (dominant) follicle.

If during the ovulatory phase fertilization of the egg does not occur, then the level of steroids in the blood rapidly decreases. As a result, the pituitary gland resumes production of the hormone FSH, against which the patient again enters the follicular phase. The end of this process is menstruation.

When conducting a laboratory study of biological material, the level of the FSH hormone is determined in compliance with international standards. It is usually done on days 3-5 of the cycle (this period corresponds to the follicular phase). Throughout the entire (menstrual) cycle, the rate of this hormone may change:

With a lack of FSH, patients may develop infertility, lack of ovulation, atrophy of the genital organs and other pathologies. With an increased level of the hormone in the blood, endometrioid cysts may develop, uterine bleeding may begin, or, on the contrary, a lack of discharge (menstrual).

Rise and fall of estrogen

Estrogen is like an interesting and charismatic friend: she's fun to hang out with, but after a while she starts to get annoying. Moderate amounts of estrogen are great. But when there is too much estrogen, it is overstimulating and can cause chest pain, fluid retention, irritability and headaches. Decreased estrogen levels can also cause unpleasant symptoms. After all, estrogen levels cannot remain high forever, no matter how much you might want them to. Estrogen must drop at the end of the cycle, and when this happens, it brings serotonin and dopamine with it. And the higher your estrogen levels, the more significant the decrease will be. When estrogen wears off, it can cause fatigue, night sweats, and migraines.

Progesterone to the rescue

During periods when estrogen levels rise and fall, progesterone should come to your aid. If your body produces enough progesterone, it will calm you down and protect you from the ups and downs of estrogen. Progesterone is also able to convert allopregnanolone into a neurosteroid that calms the brain in the same way as the neurotransmitter GABA. It stabilizes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. With sufficient production of progesterone and healthy sensitivity to it, you will be in a calm state thanks to allopregnanolone until menstruation. If you don't produce enough progesterone , or your levels drop quickly, [1] or you have altered sensitivity to progesterone, [2] you will experience symptoms of mood swings.

The traditional approach to PMS and hormonal fluctuations is to balance your hormones with hormonal contraceptives. Yes, this stabilizes the situation, but not in a good way. There will be no more hormonal fluctuations, but this is because hormones will no longer be produced. By getting rid of everything, you can lose something useful too.

Hormonal contraceptives can also cause known symptoms, but should not be confused with PMS. In this case, these are side effects. [3]

Progesterone and the ovulatory phase

The ovulatory phase of the cycle, which begins on days 14-15, is accompanied by a rapid increase in hormone concentrations. After the release of the egg from the follicle (dominant), dynamic growth of the corpus luteum occurs, against the background of which progesterone begins to be produced, which is popularly called the pregnancy hormone. When progesterone levels are elevated, the female body begins to undergo restructuring as it receives a signal about fertilization.

If within a few days the level of progesterone does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases, then we can confidently say that pregnancy has occurred. Some pregnant patients may experience decreased progesterone levels, indicating a possible spontaneous abortion. In the case when pregnancy does not occur during ovulation, the level of progesterone in the blood will gradually decrease, against the background of which the corpus luteum will die after 2 weeks, and a new cycle (menstrual) will begin in the body.

Hormonal stability

The natural approach to hormonal fluctuations is different. It does not seek to eliminate hormonal fluctuations; instead, they are perceived as a normal and beneficial process. Your hormones fluctuate, so they are produced within the cycle in which ovulation occurs. This is the only way to create them. Let's put it this way: if hormones are produced, they will fluctuate. No need to balance hormones. You just need to be able to adapt to their ups and downs. This ability to adapt to hormonal fluctuations is what I call hormonal resilience. New research supports the idea of ​​hormonal resistance and suggests a genetic component. The cells of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) respond differently to hormones compared to women who do not experience the condition.

PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder) is a condition of severe premenstrual depression, irritability, or anxiety. Occurs in approximately one in twenty women.

So perhaps you were lucky enough to be born with genes that protect you from premenstrual symptoms. If not, you can protect yourself by developing hormonal stability in three simple steps:

• Increase your progesterone and GABA levels.
• Stabilize estrogen and metabolize it properly.
• Reduce inflammation to calm your hormonal and neurotransmitter receptors.

Did you notice the third point? Reduce inflammation. Why is this so important for PMS?

Helpful information.

Us and hormones: how do they affect us?

What makes a woman beautiful and light and prevents her from aging? What allows a woman to be a mother? These are hormones, fluctuations in the level of which sometimes determine our mood, attractiveness, desire and performance.

The hormonal levels of men do not have sharp fluctuations. Hence their dedication, reliability, constancy and maximalism.

For women, everything is different: every day of the menstrual cycle, the production of hormones changes. Hence our inconstancy, frivolity and suddenness.

Probably, almost every one of us is a “fury” a couple of days a month. However, mood swings are not the only “natural disaster” that can be foreseen by knowing how cyclical fluctuations in hormonal levels affect our lifestyle.

1 day

The first day of the cycle is usually considered the day when menstrual bleeding begins. Against the background of a decrease in con hormones (progesterone and estrogen), rejection of the endometrium begins - a thick layer of the uterine mucosa, the “featherbed” prepared by the body in case of a possible pregnancy.

The concentration of prostaglandins—pain mediators and stimulants of uterine contractility—increases. It’s good for the body - the uterus contracts, throwing out the old endometrium and squeezing bleeding vessels. But for us there is only one disorder: pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen.

Antispasmodics will help relieve discomfort: No-shpa, Belastezin, Papaverine, Buscopan. But it is advisable not to take Aspirin, as this can increase blood loss.

The most “advanced” follicle begins to develop in the ovaries, bearing the egg. Sometimes there are more than one “advanced” ones, and then after successful fertilization several babies can be born at once.

Day 2

We really want to be beautiful, but today hormones are working against us. As a result of low estrogen production, the activity of the sweat and sebaceous glands increases. You have to spend half a day in the shower, spend more time on your face and correct your makeup more often.

Hair changes its chemical structure and becomes less easy to style. Perm done during menstruation lasts less, so do not plan to visit the hairdresser during these days.

Sensitivity to pain is still high. To avoid “sharp sensations,” it is better to postpone a visit to the dentist, hair removal and other unpleasant manipulations for 4-5 days.

30-50 g of mulled wine from good red wine will help relieve stress and possible pain in the lower abdomen. However, larger amounts of alcohol these days are contraindicated: it can prolong menstruation and increase blood loss.

Day 3

The phrase “Cleanliness is the key to health!” is especially relevant! In the uterus, after rejection of the mucous membrane, a wound surface is formed. And the cervix these days is as open as possible, and therefore is the entrance gate for infection.

It is advisable to abstain from sex. However, if “you can’t, but really want to,” then be sure to use barrier contraception. Remember that @#$%& will reduce the chance of infections and also prevent pregnancy, which is possible even these days.

4 day

“Critical days” are coming to an end. Our mood improves and we feel a surge of strength and energy. However, you should not overestimate yourself.

At this time, sports feats, repair work, rearranging furniture and other activities associated with heavy physical exertion are contraindicated. But morning exercises will help reduce the duration of menstruation and the amount of blood loss.

5 day

The healing process in the uterus ends. During normal menstruation, a woman usually loses about 100 ml of blood. Such blood loss stimulates the body's defenses, activates metabolism, and is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in women from 13 to 50 years old.

Therefore, it would be useful to include iron-containing foods in your diet - beef, liver, seafood, buckwheat, pomegranates, apples, dried apricots. As well as foods rich in vitamin C: meat, leafy greens, currants, gooseberries, apples, citrus fruits, rosehip decoction, juices, etc.

Day 6

If you want to lose weight, improve your figure or achieve sports victories, start doing it today.

In a renewed body after menstruation, metabolism accelerates - which means that excess calories are burned faster, fat is broken down, protein for muscles is more actively synthesized, and the overall tone of the body, strength and endurance increases.

Day 7

The “advanced” follicle in the ovaries, which increases in size every day, produces more and more estrogens. At the same time, the level of testosterone begins to increase, which in the female body is responsible for qualities usually attributed to men: high performance, a sharp mind, a broad outlook, excellent memory and the ability to concentrate.

Therefore, this day was simply created for study and career growth. Estrogen and testosterone together drive away habitual drowsiness, giving vivacity and freshness of thoughts better than the most expensive coffee. It’s like there’s an extra 25th hour in the day—take advantage of it!

Day 8

It's time to make a beauty plan for the coming week. Every day the concentration of estrogen in the blood, the main hormone of beauty and femininity, increases. This means that the skin, hair, nails and body become more receptive to all kinds of cosmetic procedures and simply glow with health.

After depilation carried out these days, the skin remains smooth and soft longer than usual. And the reason for this is not the newest formula of the post-depilation cream, but a change in hormonal levels.

9, 10, 11 days

There are a few days left before ovulation. Usually, days from the 9th are considered dangerous in terms of conceiving a child. However, if you are dreaming of having a girl, now is your time!

There is a theory according to which sperm with the X chromosome (determining the female sex of the baby) are able to “wait” longer than others for the release of the egg from the ovary in the woman’s genital tract. Therefore, you have about 4-5 days left. And on the day of ovulation and immediately after it, the possibility of conceiving a boy increases.

12 day

By this day, thoughts about work and everyday difficulties become more and more distant, and thoughts about love, passion and tenderness literally absorb your entire consciousness! The main hormones responsible for female sexuality and libido occupy leading positions.

A woman's excitability and sensitivity of erogenous zones increases, and even a special smell appears that can attract male attention, like pheromones. Therefore, some experts believe that the use of perfumes these days may even somewhat weaken our attractiveness to the stronger sex.

Day 13

The maximum amount of estrogen accumulates in the body. This serves as a signal for the production of another hormone, luteinizing hormone, which very quickly reaches its peak concentration and stops the growth of the follicle.

Now it contains a mature egg, ready for ovulation and fertilization.

Day 14

Under the influence of estrogens and luteinizing hormone, the wall of the mature follicle bursts and the egg is released into the abdominal cavity. At the same time, a small amount of blood is poured into the abdominal cavity.

Some women may even feel tenderness in the lower abdomen on the right or left (depending on which ovary ovulated in).

Once in the abdominal cavity, the egg is immediately captured by the fallopian tube and sets off on its way to meet the “masculine principle.”

On the day of ovulation, a woman has the highest libido and is able to experience the most vivid sensations from intimacy with her loved one. Sexologists say that if a woman regularly abstains from sex during the days of ovulation (for fear of an unwanted pregnancy) and does not experience orgasm, then her libido can steadily decrease over time.

To make it easier for sperm to reach the egg, the cervical mucus (the mucous plug that closes the entrance to the uterus, protecting against infection) is liquefied. Therefore, casual sex on the day of ovulation is fraught not only with an unwanted pregnancy, but also with a high risk of contracting an STD.

On this day there is a high probability of conceiving twins. If during ovulation a woman’s several eggs are released at once (there is usually a genetic predisposition to this), then with a successful combination of circumstances all of them can be fertilized.

Day 15

In the ovary, at the site of the burst follicle, a corpus luteum begins to form. This is a special formation that - regardless of whether fertilization has occurred or not - will diligently prepare the body for pregnancy within 7-8 days.

The corpus luteum begins to produce the hormone progesterone, the main hormone of pregnancy. Its goal is to turn an active and carefree girl into an expectant mother who carefully maintains her pregnancy.

Day 16

Progesterone begins to prepare the lining of the uterus (endometrium) for egg implantation, and the concentration of this hormone increases every day.

During this phase of the cycle, appetite increases and weight gain occurs most quickly. Be especially careful with carbohydrates. As a result of complex hormonal relationships, the body begins to demand more sweets and store them “in reserve” in the form of fat.

Day 17

Under the influence of progesterone, smooth muscle tone decreases. As a result, intestinal peristalsis (wave-like movement) slows down. This can lead to bloating and constipation.

Therefore, try to enrich your diet with coarse fiber and fermented milk products.

Day 18

In case of a possible hunger strike, the body does its best to stock up on nutrients for future use, and as a result, fat metabolism also changes. There is an increase in cholesterol and harmful (atherogenic) fats. And their excess not only spoils the figure, but also creates extra stress on the heart and blood vessels.

Therefore, during this phase of the cycle, try to increase the proportion of vegetable fats in your daily diet and avoid gastronomic exploits. In addition, it is useful to eat garlic and red fish, this helps reduce cholesterol.

Day 19

Despite the fact that ovulation has already occurred, during the second phase of the cycle the body still maintains a fairly high level of testosterone, which increases our libido. Its production is especially enhanced in the morning.

You can take advantage of this by filling the dawn hours with passion and tenderness.

Day 20

By this day, the corpus luteum blossoms. The concentration of progesterone in the blood reaches a peak value. The egg travels through the fallopian tube and approaches the uterus. At this point, she is practically incapable of fertilization.

It is believed that from this day relatively safe days for fertilization begin.

21 day

The concentration of luteinizing hormone decreases and the reverse development of the corpus luteum in the ovary begins. The concentration of estrogen and progesterone gradually decreases.

However, progesterone levels and all its effects will be quite pronounced until the start of the next cycle.

Day 22

Metabolism slows down, which is typical for the entire second phase of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone acts as an antidepressant: it has a calming effect, relieves tension, anxiety, and relaxes.

These days we become “impenetrable” to boss’s reprimands, troubles and other stressful situations.

Day 23

Decreasing levels of estrogen and increased progesterone, possible problems with the intestines, abuse of carbohydrates these days - all this is reflected on the face, especially if there is a predisposition to acne.

The activity of the sebaceous glands increases, pores expand, and keratinization processes in the skin intensify. Therefore, these days you need to pay more attention to diet and proper facial cleansing.

24 day

Under the influence of progesterone, changes occur in the structure of connective tissue: ligaments become more extensible, hypermobility appears in the joints. There may be nagging pain in the spine and large joints.

Women receive the greatest number of injuries, especially those related to sports, on these days. One awkward movement can lead to a sprain or dislocation, so be careful with yoga, gymnastics and other types of physical activity.

Day 25

Scientists have proven that these days a woman develops a special smell, which makes it clear to a man that a forced period of abstinence is ahead.

Perhaps this fact is the reason for the synchronization of cycles in several women living together for a long time.

26, 27, 28 days

Often the most difficult days for a woman and her loved ones. As a result of fluctuations in hormone levels, a woman becomes sensitive and vulnerable, at this time she needs sensitive support.

The level of prostaglandins in the blood increases, the pain threshold decreases, the mammary glands become engorged and painful, the picture is complemented by headache, constant daytime sleepiness, anxiety, apathy and irritability. Isn't this enough to ruin the mood?!

Experts believe that sex and chocolate can be a miracle cure these days. However, with sex things are more complicated than with chocolate. Before menstruation, the level of all hormones that awaken passion in a woman decreases. According to doctors, during the premenstrual days, a woman’s libido tends to zero.

But for some representatives of the fair sex, by the end of the cycle, on the contrary, passion and desire awaken, sensitivity and acuity of sensations increase. Psychologists found an explanation. They believe that these days women are not frightened by the thought of a possible pregnancy, which is why sexual fantasies become bolder and feelings become brighter.

Of course, for every woman, the “hormonal clock” runs differently: for some, it’s a little faster, shortening the cycle to 20-21 days, for others it’s slightly slower, down to 30-32 days. The 28-day cycle is only the most common, so it is impossible to create an accurate and universal hormonal calendar. Each woman will have to adapt it to herself.

However, the general patterns of hormonal fluctuations and associated changes in the body remain. Without knowing these features, we sometimes begin to struggle with our own hormones: we sit on a strict diet when the body is trying with all its might to stock up for the future, we forget about our face when it needs the most intense care, or we scold ourselves for being too cold with our loved ones at a time when our sensuality is on “forced vacation.”

By making some changes to your usual lifestyle, you can make your hormones work with a vengeance, making us more attractive, cheerful, cheerful and desirable!

https://www.mamium.ru/node/12338

The role of inflammation

Inflammatory cytokines put you at greater risk of developing PMS. [4] Why? Because chronic inflammation distorts hormonal communication. More precisely, inflammation impairs both progesterone production and progesterone receptor sensitivity. So you end up needing more progesterone just to feel its calming effects. Inflammation also downregulates GABA receptors, which further impairs the response to progesterone and worsens PMS. Finally, inflammation interferes with estrogen detoxification and increases estrogen sensitivity. Thus, inflammation can cause:

1. less progesterone and GABA
2. more estrogen

Inflammation is the perfect storm for PMS. Luckily, you can reduce inflammation with anti-inflammatory strategies (fasting in progress). You can also benefit from the natural anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone. [5] Let's start with progesterone.

Increased levels of progesterone and GABA

Progesterone is central to the PMS picture because it protects you from the ups and downs of estrogen. It also reduces inflammation and calms mood by enhancing the neurotransmitter GABA. You want more progesterone and more GABA so you can experience more benefits from progesterone. This section will give you strategies for both progesterone and GABA. So, you want to produce more progesterone, and also, more GABA, to get the maximum benefit from progesterone. The ways to obtain both progesterone and GABA will be described below.

Increasing levels of progesterone and GABA can lead to relief of PMS. [6]

How do you know if you have enough progesterone?

Symptoms of low progesterone include PMS, heavy bleeding during the premenstrual phase, premenstrual bleeding or spotting, and prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding. You can measure progesterone through a blood test done during the mid-luteal phase or by monitoring your temperature. Remember, the goal of your test is to detect a consistent increase in temperature in the luteal phase. As we learned above, progesterone levels are difficult to raise and difficult to maintain. No wonder premenstrual symptoms are so common!

Hormonal tests when planning IVF (20-23 days of the cycle)

Study of progesterone and prolactin levels in the luteal phase of the cycle to identify the causes of infertility and plan an IVF procedure.

Synonyms Russian

Hormonal tests in the luteal phase, laboratory diagnosis of anovulation.

English synonyms

Hormonal check-up for in vitro fertilization (IVF), Ovulation tests.

What biomaterial can be used for research?

Venous blood.

How to properly prepare for research?

• Do not eat for 2-3 hours before the test; you can drink clean still water.
• Avoid (in consultation with your doctor) taking steroid and thyroid hormones for 48 hours before the test.
• Avoid physical and emotional stress for 24 hours before the test.
• Do not smoke for 3 hours before the test.

General information about the study

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effective methods of treating infertility. The IVF procedure, however, requires careful preparation, including assessment of the woman’s hormonal background. The following hormones are of greatest importance in the process of follicle maturation, ovulation and preparation of the endometrium for embryo implantation:

• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• luteinizing hormone (LH);
• estradiol;
• anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH);
• inhibin B;
• progesterone;
• prolactin.

The concentration of these hormones depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Thus, the highest levels of progesterone and prolactin are achieved in the so-called luteal phase of the cycle. These hormones are traditionally tested one week before the onset of menstruation or on day 21 of a 28-day cycle (days 20-23 depending on cycle length). The study of progesterone and prolactin allows you to obtain indirect information about the onset of ovulation (or anovulation) and exclude hyperprolactinemia as a cause of anovulation.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced in large quantities by the corpus luteum and placenta. It is absolutely necessary for the normal course of pregnancy, either naturally or as a result of the IVF procedure. Functions of progesterone:

• secretory changes in the endometrium, promoting embryo implantation;
• decreased spontaneous and oxytocin-stimulated myometrial excitability;
• preparing the mammary glands for lactation.

The concentration of progesterone in the follicular phase of the cycle is about 0.9 ng/ml, increases at the time of the LH peak to 1-2 ng/ml, gradually increases in the luteal phase and reaches a maximum of 18 ng/ml approximately one week before the onset of menstruation. The clear connection between the onset of ovulation and the increase in progesterone levels allows the use of this hormone to assess ovarian function. Thus, a low level of progesterone in the luteal phase (a value less than 3 ng/ml is often used) indicates the absence of ovulation (anovulation, anovulatory cycle). Anovulation is a fairly common cause of female infertility. IVF can be used to treat infertility in the presence of anovulation, although this method is only used if hormonal therapy is ineffective.

Some studies have shown that increases in progesterone levels greater than 0.9-1.2 ng/ml in women receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for ovulation induction during IVF (premature follicular lithification) may have a negative effect on the outcome of the IVF procedure , which, however, is not confirmed in all works.

Prolactin is one of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, similar in structure to growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin. Functions of prolactin:

• milk secretion;
• opposition to gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH), as a result, prolactin is a natural contraceptive that “protects” a breastfeeding woman from pregnancy.

The secretion of prolactin is under strict control of the hypothalamus. Normally, dopamine from the hypothalamus inhibits the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland. As a result, prolactin concentrations in non-pregnant women are very low, around 8 ng/ml. There are several physiological and pathological stimuli that increase prolactin levels. Physiological stimuli (sleep, stress, physical activity) lead to transient and minor fluctuations in prolactin levels and do not affect fertility. On the contrary, pathological stimuli lead to a persistent and significant increase in prolactin levels, which inhibits the cyclic effects of FSH and LH and, as a consequence, leads to anovulation and infertility. The most common causes of hyperprolactinemia are:

• prolactinoma and other tumors of the adenohypophysis;
• hypothyroidism;
• taking antipsychotic drugs (phenothiazines and butyrophenones).

With timely diagnosis and elimination of these conditions, normal prolactin levels and, as a result, fertility are restored. In this case, IVF is not the only option for treating infertility during anovulation.

Studies of progesterone and prolactin concentrations are the main hormonal tests that are carried out in the luteal phase of the cycle. It should be remembered that most of the laboratory examination of a woman’s hormonal levels is carried out during the follicular phase. Since the follicular and luteal phases are related to each other, their results are always assessed together.

What is the research used for?

• To determine the onset of ovulation and exclude hyperprolactinemia as a cause of anovulation.

When is the study scheduled?

• In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: 7 days before the expected onset of menstruation (21 days with a 28-day cycle, 20-23 days with a cycle of a different length).

What do the results mean?

Reference values

• Progesterone
• Prolactin

Reasons for the increase:

Reasons for the downgrade:

What can influence the result?

• Day of the cycle when the hormone analysis was performed: it is advisable to examine the level of progesterone and prolactin 7 days before the expected onset of menstruation (21 days with a 28-day cycle). With a 35-day cycle, 28 rather than 21 days is optimal.


Important Notes

• To obtain an accurate result, you must follow the recommendations for preparing for the test;
• the results of tests for hormones of the luteal and follicular phases of the cycle are assessed together.

Also recommended

[40-518] Examination of a man when planning IVF

[40-519] Examination of a woman when planning IVF (days 2-5 of the cycle)

Who orders the study?

Gynecologist, reproductive specialist.

Literature

1. Alan H. DeCherney, Lauren Nathan, Neri Laufer. Current Diagnosis & Treatment Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eleventh Edition. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2007.
2. Abigail Delaney, Jani R. Jensen, Dean Morbeck. Fertility Testing. How Laboratory Tests Contribute to Successful Infertility Treatments. Clinical Laboratory News, November 01, 2012.

Diet and Lifestyle to Increase Progesterone and GABA Levels

Progesterone is produced each cycle by the corpus luteum, which is the result of healthy functioning of the ovarian follicle throughout its 100-day journey to ovulation. Raising progesterone levels is a long-term project.

Reduce your intake of foods that lead to inflammation

Reducing the intake of foods such as sugar, wheat and cow's milk will help in maintaining proper progesterone levels:

• Reduced inflammation leads to better ovulation and therefore more progesterone.
• With less inflammation, the sensitivity of both progesterone and GABA receptors increases.

Of all the foods that cause inflammation, cow's milk seems to be the most critical for PMS, probably because it can trigger the release of histamine.

Special Topic: The Curious Connection Between PMS and Histamine

If your list of PMS symptoms includes headaches, anxiety, and brain fog, then you may have histamine intolerance. Histamine is a normal part of your immune system, but too much of it can cause unpleasant consequences. Histamine intolerance is often worsened just before menstruation , because estrogen increases histamine levels and vice versa. Progesterone, on the other hand, reduces histamine levels, which is essentially one of the ways progesterone relieves PMS. Treatment for histamine intolerance may include:

• increasing progesterone levels or taking progesterone,
• reducing consumption of histamine-stimulating foods such as dairy products and alcohol, [7]
• reducing consumption of histamine-containing foods such as red wine, cheese, bone broth and fermented products,
• taking vitamin B6, which regulates the level of DAO enzyme, which breaks down histamine. [8]

Histamine intolerance can also cause pain during menstruation and may also cause ovarian cysts .

Reducing histamine levels is a large part of why vitamin B6 and natural progesterone help so much with PMS and other conditions.

Reduce your alcohol intake

Alcohol reduces allopregnanolone levels [9] and interferes with the calming effects of progesterone. Alcohol can also worsen histamine intolerance. Of course, you can drink wine or beer occasionally, but to avoid causing low progesterone and PMS symptoms, please don't drink more than four drinks a week.

Reduce stress

Experiencing severe stress doubles the risk that PMS will be very difficult to bear. [10] There are several things going on here. First, adrenaline directly blocks progesterone receptors and depletes GABA, which itself can cause PMS. In the long term, stress also impairs ovulation and depletes progesterone. Finally, low progesterone levels can further destabilize your stress response or HPA axis. [11] This is why you may notice the delayed effects of stress. Today's stress can lead to weeks of PMS in the future. Reducing stress is critical for hormonal stability. If you suffer from PMS, you have a reason to say, “I need to go for a walk, or get a massage, or spend the entire day reading a novel to balance my hormones.”

Exercise

Exercise helps with PMS [12] because it reduces stress levels and reduces inflammation.

What does a hormone imbalance mean and what does it lead to?

As a rule, a noticeable difference in indicators from the norm signals trouble in the body. If hormones affecting menstruation are calculated, then it relates mostly to the reproductive sphere:

• FSH increases with oncological diseases of the pituitary gland and insufficiency of ovarian function. Alcoholism may also be the cause. The hormone decreases with sclerocystic ovaries and excess weight;
• LG. Problems with the pituitary gland and obesity can reduce the volume. An increase threatens those who have changes in the structure of the ovaries or brain tumors;
• Prolactin. Affects the synthesis of progesterone by the corpus luteum, suppresses FSH during pregnancy, and participates in metabolic processes. Prolactin also supports milk production. If there is excess or deficiency of the hormone, the development of the follicle is disrupted, which prevents ovulation. Excess prolactin is observed in tumors, hypothyroidism, disorders of the ovaries or pituitary gland (also the culprit of deficiency), autoimmune problems;
• Estrogens. Outside of pregnancy, estradiol plays a major role in the cycle. Estriol is responsible for the “interesting position”. The first is produced by the follicle, the corpus luteum, to regulate the cycle and maturation of the egg. Elevated estrogen levels indicate tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands. It is also observed in obese women, since adipose tissue is also capable of producing them. A decrease in estrogen does not allow ovulation, therefore it can cause cycle failure and infertility;
• Progesterone. Its increased values ​​occur with neoplasms of the ovaries or adrenal glands. A decrease in the indicator is provoked by constant inflammation of the reproductive organs, and this entails scanty periods, failure to ovulate, problems while expecting a baby or infertility;
• Testosterone. Another male element, the excess of which causes early spontaneous abortion. These hormones during menstruation in excessive quantities disrupt ovulation. This is a consequence of diseases of the adrenal glands or ovaries;
• Androgens. These are male hormones, and their excess provokes disruption of the ovaries, excess body hair, and infertility. And too low a level reduces sexual appetite.

CHART of herbs and supplements to increase progesterone and GABA levels

Doctor's Best, Magnesium (chelate), 240 drops.

Now Foods, P-5-P, 90 drops.

Nature's Way, Vitex, 400 mg, 100 drops. *

Life Extension, Selenium Complex, 100 drops.

Now Foods, Natural Progesterone

Nature's Way, Zinc Chelate, 30 mg

Discuss all supplements with your healthcare provider before combining them with prescription medications.

Notes on the table

Vitamin B6 works well in combination with magnesium; you can immediately choose the complex from the MAGNE B6 . Please note that long-term use of more than 200 mg of B6 may cause nerve damage.

Food sources of selenium include seafood, organ meats, and Brazil nuts . For example, one serving of salmon contains 40 mcg of selenium.

Natural treatments are the best way to prevent PMS. Follow these recommendations on all days of your cycle, not just during the premenstrual period.

Article source: https://iklumba.com/pms/